Treatment for Spasticity

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Understanding Spasticity

Spasticity is a condition characterised by muscle stiffness and tightness, which impedes normal fluid movement. This involuntary contraction of muscles can disrupt movement, speech, walking, and various daily activities.

Under normal circumstances, nerve signals coordinate muscle actions by instructing them when to relax or tighten. However, individuals with spasticity experience a disruption in communication between the spinal cord, muscles, and brain. This breakdown results in prolonged and unwanted muscle contractions.

Typically, spasticity arises following damage to the brain areas responsible for voluntary movement or the spinal cord nerves that oversee muscle control. The impact of spasticity on individuals can range significantly. It might manifest as a mild sensation of muscle tightness or as painful, severe spasms and stiffness that affect the extremities.

At JOGO, our DTx therapeutics employ advanced diagnostic techniques to precisely identify your spasticity issues. We're dedicated to working closely with you to craft a personalized treatment plan, ensuring a life free from pain.

Cause of Spasticity

Spasticity typically results from disturbances or damage to the spinal cord and brain regions that regulate stretch and muscle reflexes. These disturbances may stem from an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory signals transmitted to the muscles, leading to their sustained contraction.

Close-up photo of leg muscles affected by spasticity.
Particularly detrimental to children, spasticity can adversely affect joint and muscle development. This condition may arise due to underlying central nervous system disorders, including:
  • Metastasis or Tumour
  • Multiple Sclerosis
  • Cerebral Palsy
  • Motor Neurone Disease
  • Hypoxic Brain Injury
  • Stroke
  • Traumatic Brain Injury
  • Spinal Cord Injury
  • Parkinson's Disease
  • Spinal Cord Compression

Spasticity impacts individual functionality, influencing the lower and upper limbs and the trunk. Without effective management, fixed deformity contractures can develop. These changes in soft tissue can complicate comfort, hygiene, and skin care and pose significant challenges to performing daily tasks.

Complications Caused by Spasticity

The complications associated with spasticity can be diverse and severe. In its extreme form, spasticity can significantly disrupt daily functioning and cause intense pain. It may also complicate hygiene routines and basic care, thereby increasing the risk of developing pressure injuries, commonly known as bedsores.

These injuries can escalate to sepsis and infections if not properly managed. Additionally, if severe to moderate spasticity is left untreated, it can lead to further health issues, including:

  • Bone fractures
  • Contractures, which result in frozen or immobilised joints
  • Partial or full joint dislocation
  • Chronic constipation
  • Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
Leg wrapped in a crepe bandage indicates complications due to spasticity.

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Spasticity Treatments

Several nonsurgical treatment options are available for managing spasticity:
Physical Therapy
Physical therapists typically concentrate on strengthening and stretching exercises for the lower extremities, as well as mobility training, which includes standing, walking, and transfers.
Occupational Therapy
Occupational therapists primarily work on stretching and strengthening the upper extremities and training individuals to perform daily activities such as bathing, cooking, and grooming.
Speech Therapy
For individuals whose spasticity affects the muscles of the face, throat, and mouth, speech therapists provide assistance with communication, swallowing, and speech.
Assistive Devices
A range of assistive devices is available to help individuals with spasticity navigate and perform daily tasks more efficiently and safely.
Oral Medications
Typically prescribed in conjunction with other therapies, oral medications can be effective in managing spasticity.

JOGO’s Spasticity Treatment Plan

JOGO offers therapies based on prescription Digital Therapeutics, including wearable Electromyography (EMG) sensors and a patented mobile application. The telemedicine services provided by JOGO focus on exercises that target small muscle groups, enhancing strength and coordination to improve the performance of daily tasks. Additionally, speech therapy is available for patients whose spasticity affects their speech capabilities.
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Conduct Initial Assessment
Set a Therapy Goal for the Individual Patient
Complete the Treatment
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Trust in JOGO’s promise and clinically proven methods to effectively treat spasticity for individuals of any gender.

Frequently Asked Questions on Spasticity Treatment

How do I identify the symptoms of spasticity?

  • Continuous rate of muscle tone
  • Reflexes may be exaggerated and persist beyond normal reactions.
  • Involuntary movements that may include spasms, which are brisk and/or sustained involuntary muscle contractions, and clonus, a series of rapid involuntary contractions.
  • Impairments that can affect daily activities and motor development.
  • Extreme to moderate pain
  • Structural changes to joints and bones
  • Challenges in maintaining personal care due to muscle stiffness.
  • Unusual positioning
  • Permanent contraction of muscles and tendons due to severe, ongoing stiffness and spasms.

How can I help a person with spasticity to sleep?

To manage spasticity during sleep, using foam wedges or pillows can help position the body so that muscles are less likely to stiffen or spasm. Placing a pillow under the knees or resting on one side can significantly aid in comfort. Consultation with an occupational therapist can provide additional strategies and personalised support.

How do rigidity and muscle spasticity differ?

Muscle spasticity and rigidity are both conditions of abnormally high muscle tone but differ significantly. Rigidity, often linked to basal ganglia injuries and seen in conditions like Parkinson's disease, affects all muscles around a joint equally and remains consistent through all movements. In contrast, spasticity is characterised by an increased involuntary muscle contraction or "catch" when movements are made rapidly.

When is the right time to consult a healthcare provider?

Consulting a healthcare provider is crucial if you experience unexplained spasticity for the first time, as it could indicate underlying spinal cord or brain damage. If you are already diagnosed with spasticity, it is important to seek medical advice if your symptoms worsen, become more frequent, or start to interfere with your daily activities.
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